11月15日，生態環(huan)境部環(huan)境與(yu)經濟政策研究中(zhong)心、國際環(huan)保機構綠色和(he)(he)平(ping)聯合(he)發布報(bao)(bao)告《轉型(xing)(xing)金融(rong)(rong)助力(li)高碳排行(xing)業(ye)綠色低碳轉型(xing)(xing)(鋼鐵篇(pian))》。報(bao)(bao)告梳(shu)理(li)了鋼鐵行(xing)業(ye)綠色低碳轉型(xing)(xing)的(de)現狀和(he)(he)問題，總結該行(xing)業(ye)在轉型(xing)(xing)金融(rong)(rong)進(jin)程中(zhong)的(de)實施經驗和(he)(he)典型(xing)(xing)案例，提出完善中(zhong)國轉型(xing)(xing)金融(rong)(rong)的(de)政策建議，為轉型(xing)(xing)金融(rong)(rong)標準(zhun)的(de)制定和(he)(he)推動(dong)轉型(xing)(xing)金融(rong)(rong)在其他領域、行(xing)業(ye)的(de)實踐提供參考和(he)(he)借鑒。
在相關(guan)政策的推動和(he)(he)支持下(xia)，中(zhong)國(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過實施產能(neng)置換、超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)改(gai)造(zao)、極(ji)致(zhi)能(neng)效提升、資(zi)源綜合利(li)用等措施，加快轉型升級改(gai)造(zao)，積(ji)極(ji)推動行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)。截至2024年10月(yue)8日，中(zhong)國(guo)已有159家(jia)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(包括1家(jia)球團企業(ye)(ye)(ye))完(wan)成(cheng)或部分(fen)完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)改(gai)造(zao)和(he)(he)評估監測。在節能(neng)增效方面，從2014年到2023年，重點統計鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)平均噸鋼(gang)(gang)綜合能(neng)耗下(xia)降5.87%。
在低(di)碳技術(shu)研發方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，據不完全統計，全國至少(shao)有22家(jia)企業，60項(xiang)低(di)碳技術(shu)研發已(yi)同(tong)步(bu)開展，將(jiang)為鋼(gang)鐵(tie)行業綠色(se)轉(zhuan)型提供有效(xiao)的技術(shu)儲(chu)備(bei)。在資源利(li)用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，目前(qian)已(yi)公(gong)告廢鋼(gang)鐵(tie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)行業準(zhun)入(ru)企業825家(jia)，年加(jia)工(gong)(gong)能力(li)約1.7億(yi)噸，初步(bu)建立了廢鋼(gang)鐵(tie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)配(pei)送體(ti)系，形成了“回收加(jia)工(gong)(gong)利(li)用(yong)”的產業鏈。
報(bao)告以全國第一(yi)鋼(gang)鐵生產(chan)大省——河北省為(wei)例，深入分析了其轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型經(jing)驗。河北是全國鋼(gang)鐵行(xing)業(ye)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型升(sheng)(sheng)級的主戰場(chang)，在鋼(gang)鐵行(xing)業(ye)綠色低(di)碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型升(sheng)(sheng)級的實踐(jian)方面，對(dui)中國乃至(zhi)世界(jie)(jie)都(dou)具有重要借鑒意義。河北鋼(gang)鐵產(chan)能約占全國的1/5、世界(jie)(jie)的1/10，在2023年(nian)全球(qiu)主要鋼(gang)鐵公司(si)產(chan)量排名中，河北共有14家公司(si)上榜(bang)。鋼(gang)鐵工(gong)業(ye)內需潛力大、鐵礦石與煤炭資(zi)源(yuan)相對(dui)豐富，同(tong)時(shi)面臨著高端(duan)產(chan)品占比較(jiao)低(di)、低(di)碳發展水平(ping)待提升(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)諸(zhu)多問題(ti)。
河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)強化金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)低碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)的頂層制度設(she)計，幫助鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)解(jie)決(jue)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)融(rong)資困境。《河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)作指(zhi)引(yin)(2023-2024年版(ban)(ban))》明確了(le)河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)范圍和業(ye)務(wu)開展(zhan)流(liu)程，同時配套出臺了(le)《河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)技術(shu)目錄(2023-2024年版(ban)(ban))》《河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)企(qi)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)方案編制大(da)綱(2023-2024年版(ban)(ban))》《河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)技術(shu)目錄使用(yong)手冊(2023-2024年版(ban)(ban))》，為金(jin)融(rong)機構開展(zhan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)業(ye)務(wu)提(ti)供了(le)政策依據和業(ye)務(wu)指(zhi)導(dao)。采購(gou)使用(yong)低碳排放鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)產品的下游企(qi)業(ye)也(ye)被納入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)范圍，一家采購(gou)低碳排放鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的下游企(qi)業(ye)獲得4億元轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)，為從(cong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)生產端到下游需求端全產業(ye)鏈支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)低碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)作出積極探(tan)索。
作為技(ji)術、資金(jin)、資源(yuan)、能源(yuan)密集型(xing)產(chan)業，中(zhong)國鋼鐵產(chan)業綠色低(di)碳(tan)轉型(xing)雖取(qu)得積極成效，但仍(reng)面(mian)臨多重困難和挑戰。一是能源(yuan)結構(gou)(gou)高碳(tan)化，高爐(lu)-轉爐(lu)長流程(cheng)工(gong)藝結構(gou)(gou)占主導(dao)地位；二是廢(fei)鋼產(chan)出(chu)量、廢(fei)鋼利(li)用(yong)率和廢(fei)鋼回收體(ti)系仍(reng)不完善，廢(fei)鋼資源(yuan)難以滿(man)足全(quan)廢(fei)鋼電爐(lu)流發展需求；三是氫冶金(jin)等突破性低(di)碳(tan)技(ji)術尚(shang)處于(yu)早期(qi)(qi)發展階段，難以在短期(qi)(qi)內替代傳統技(ji)術發揮減排潛力(li)。
報告建(jian)議(yi)，轉型金融助力(li)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)行業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)，需(xu)要立足(zu)國家產業(ye)(ye)結構特征和經(jing)濟社(she)會低碳(tan)轉型發(fa)展(zhan)基礎，充分發(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府部門、金融機構、鋼(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、第(di)三方等利益(yi)相關方合力(li)。
政府(fu)部門(men)建(jian)立完善轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)政策標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)框架(jia)，積(ji)極(ji)開展轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)實踐。國家層(ceng)面，應加強轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)頂層(ceng)設(she)計和(he)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)，盡快(kuai)統一(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)概念(nian)定義，出臺轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)界定標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，制定鋼鐵(tie)(tie)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)及(ji)工作指引，明(ming)確(que)鋼鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)(ye)適用(yong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)分類(lei)目(mu)(mu)錄及(ji)量化指標(biao)、信(xin)息披露等(deng)必要條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，并(bing)(bing)根據國際轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)研究最新動態、低(di)碳技術發展等(deng)及(ji)時更新、動態調整標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)層(ceng)面，建(jian)議(yi)有條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政府(fu)、地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)辦基于《綠色低(di)碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)產業(ye)(ye)指導目(mu)(mu)錄(2024年版)》，結合當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)稟賦與產業(ye)(ye)分布，整合不(bu)同部門(men)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，將鋼鐵(tie)(tie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)納入“十四五”“十五五”規劃，設(she)立省級專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)并(bing)(bing)積(ji)極(ji)爭取中央預算內投資(zi)(zi)、專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)債等(deng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)，為鋼鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)類(lei)貸款和(he)債券提供貸款/債券貼息、擔保、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)認(ren)證費用(yong)補貼等(deng)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)，設(she)立省(市)級轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)產業(ye)(ye)基金(jin)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)擔保基金(jin)，為鋼鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)(ye)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)提供低(di)成本資(zi)(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)和(he)擔保增信(xin)，共同支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)鋼鐵(tie)(tie)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)。
金(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構應(ying)豐(feng)富綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)工(gong)具(ju)，提(ti)高對鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)行(xing)業(ye)綠(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持力度。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構應(ying)盡快提(ti)升碳(tan)(tan)中和與(yu)(yu)氣候風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理意識，將轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)納(na)入機(ji)構整體(ti)戰略，關注(zhu)高碳(tan)(tan)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)敞口及主(zhu)要資(zi)(zi)產(chan)碳(tan)(tan)足跡，針對鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)行(xing)業(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)項目與(yu)(yu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)企業(ye)的(de)特點創新綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品與(yu)(yu)服務。大力發(fa)展低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)掛鉤產(chan)品，研究開(kai)發(fa)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)債(zhai)券、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信貸、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基金(jin)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)保險(xian)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信托、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)REITS等多樣化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)工(gong)具(ju)，引導發(fa)行(xing)人嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)發(fa)行(xing)標準執行(xing)，對綠(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)績效較高的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)適度提(ti)高銀行(xing)授信額度、給予(yu)債(zhai)券發(fa)行(xing)利率優惠(hui)等，不斷豐(feng)富轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)市場融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)手段，為(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)供更具(ju)靈活性(xing)的(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持。
鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)企業需把(ba)握綠色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)機遇和(he)(he)(he)挑戰，結合(he)行業碳(tan)(tan)減(jian)排路(lu)徑和(he)(he)(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)路(lu)線圖，制定科學合(he)理的企業低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)目(mu)標，設(she)定清(qing)晰可(ke)量化的減(jian)碳(tan)(tan)指標，加強節能降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)技(ji)改(gai)、綠色(se)產(chan)品(pin)研(yan)發、短流(liu)程(cheng)冶煉轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換、循環經濟產(chan)業運(yun)營(ying)等項目(mu)統籌和(he)(he)(he)設(she)計，在強化信息披露的基礎上，積極按降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)、節能或減(jian)污效(xiao)果爭取差別(bie)化的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金融支持。大型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)企業還(huan)應發揮“頭雁”作(zuo)用，部署(shu)和(he)(he)(he)展開一系列探(tan)索突(tu)破性低碳(tan)(tan)技(ji)術的研(yan)發投入和(he)(he)(he)世界最新(xin)低碳(tan)(tan)生產(chan)流(liu)程(cheng)的工程(cheng)化實踐，推(tui)進綠鋼(gang)(gang)產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)，構建綠鋼(gang)(gang)采(cai)購聯盟，積極融入全球(qiu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)金融市場，為全球(qiu)應對氣(qi)候(hou)變化貢獻中國智慧和(he)(he)(he)中國方(fang)案。（上證(zheng)報） |
